Search

DIGITAL LIBRARY: CAMX 2022 | ANAHEIM, CA | OCTOBER 17-20

Get This Paper

Reactive Polyetherimide Oligomers: Part I. Processability Enhancements in Epoxy Resins

Description

Title: Reactive Polyetherimide Oligomers: Part I. Processability Enhancements in Epoxy Resins

Authors: Dadasaheb V Patil, Nikhil Verghese

DOI: 10.33599/nasampe/c.22.0039

Abstract: Polyimides, in particular polyetherimides (PEIs), are amorphous polymers in high demand due to a balance of performance properties including thermal, chemical resistance, dimensional stability, mechanicals and flame retardance [1]. Hence, these polymers are widely used in various applications such as automotive, aerospace, electrical and electronics. Polyetherimides have also been used to enhance the performance of thermosetting resins but with limited success [2, 3]. Recently, new low molecular weight, reactive polyetherimide oligomers (rPEI) have been developed to help enhance processability and performance of thermoset resins. In this work, the effect of adding telechelic polyetherimide oligomers in epoxy resins was studied. Solubility, viscosity, gel time and modulus at gel point, enthalpy of the curing reaction and exotherm peak of cure were measured to evaluate the processing characteristics of the rPEI modified epoxy systems. These new rPEIs showed improved processability when compared with commercial thermoplastic incumbents like PES or PEI modified epoxy systems. In summary, by using reactive polyetherimide oligomers, formulators can now increase loading of rPEI additive to achieve a better toughness-stiffness balance or to tailor the functional properties of the final composite.

1. Gallucci, R.R., Thermoplastic Polyetherimide (PEI). In: Margolis, J. M., Engineering Plastics Handbook, McGraw-Hill Professional, 1st Ed, 2005.
2. J. H. Hodgkin,G. P. Simon,R. J. Varley., Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 1998, 9 (1), 3-10.
3. Wang J., Liu R., Jian X., Introduction to Epoxy/Thermoplastic Blends. In: Parameswaranpillai J., Hameed N., Pionteck J., Woo E., Handbook of Epoxy Blends. Springer, 2017.

References: 1. C. A. May. Epoxy Resin Chemistry and Technology, 2nd ed., New York: Marcel Dekker, 1988. 2. E. M. Petrie. Epoxy Adhesive Formulations, 1st ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. 3. J. Karger-Kocsis. Epoxy Polymers New Materials and Innovation, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 211 (16), 1836, 2010. [https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201000278] 4. J. Lee, D Bhattacharyya, M. Zhang and Y. Yuan. “Mechanical Properties of a Self-healing Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites.” Composites Part B :Eng., 78 (2015): 515-519. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.04.014] 5. S-E. Lee, E. Jeong, M. Y Lee, M-K Lee and Y-S Lee. “Improvement of the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyethersulfone-Modified Epoxy Composites.” J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 33 (2016): 73-79. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2015.09.022] 6. Y. Yu, Z. Zhang, W. Gan, M. Wang and S. Li. “Effect of Polyethersulfone on the Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Polyetherimide-Modified Epoxy Systems.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 42(14) (2003): 3250-3256. [https://doi.org/10.1021/ie0210309] 7. J. Hodgkin, G. Simon and R. Varley. “Thermoplastic Toughening of Epoxy Resin: A Critical Review.” Polym. Adv. Technol., 9(1) (1998): 3-10. [https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1581(199801)9:1%3C3::AID-PAT727%3E3.0.CO;2-I] 8. G. Yang, B. Zheng, J. P. Yang, G. S. Xu and S. Y. Fu. “Preparation and Cryogenic Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins Modified by Poly(ethersulfone).” J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 46(2) (2008): 612-624. [https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.22409] 9. D. L. Hunston, D.A. Todd, S. J. Shaw and A. J. Kinloch. “Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of a Rubber-Toughened Epoxy: 1. Microstructure and Fracture Studies.” Polymer 24 (10)(1983): 1341-1354. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(83)90070-8] 10. H.-C. Hsia, C.-C.M. Ma, M. –S. Li, Y. –S. Li and D. –S. Chen. “Glycidyl-Terminated Polyurethane Modified Epoxy Resins: Mechanical Properties, Adhesion Properties, and Morphology.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 52 (8) (1994): 1137-1151. [https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070520814] 11. Y. Nakamura, M. Yamaguchi, K. Iko, M. Okubo and T. Matsumoto. “Internal stress of epoxy resin modified with acrylic polymers having crosslinks produced by in situ UV radiation polymerization.” J. Mat. Sci., 25 (1990): 2711-2716. [https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00584869] 12. E. Girard-Reydet, H. Sautereau, J.P Pascault, P. Keates, P. Navard, G. Thollet, G. Vigier. “Reaction-Induced Phase Separation Mechanisms in Modified Thermosets.” Polymer 39 (11) (1998): 2269-2279. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(97)00425-4] 13. J. Parameswaranpillai, N. Hameed, J. Pionteck and E.M. Woo, Handbook of Epoxy Blends, 1st ed., Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40043-3] 14. R. R. Gallucci. “Thermoplastic Polyetherimide (PEI).” Engineering Plastics Handbook. 1st ed., New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005. 15. Troughton, M.J. “Chapter 29- Polyetherimide.” Handbook of Plastic Joining. 2nd ed., New York: William Andrew Applied Science Publishers, 245, 2009. 16. S. Y. Lau Kreisler. Chapter 10- High-Performance Polyimides and High Temperature Resistant Polymers in Handbook of Thermoset Plastics, 3rd ed., New York: William Andrew Applied Science Publishers, 245, 2009. [https://doi.org/10.1016/C2011-0-09694-1] 17. C. B. Bucknall, and A. H. Gilbert. “Toughening Tetrafunctional Epoxy Resins Using Polyetherimide.” Polymer 30 (2) (1989): 213-217. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(89)90107-9] 18. W. Chen, Z. Tao, L. Fan, S. Yang, W. Jiang, J. Wang, and Y. Xiong. “Effect of Poly(etherimide) Chemical Structures on the Properties of Epoxy/Poly(etherimide) Blends and Their Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 119 (6) (2011): 3162-3169. [https://doi.org/10.1002/app.32916] 19. C. Su, and E. Woo. “Cure Kinetics and Morphology of Amine-Cured Tetraglycidyl-4,4′-Diamino Diphenylmethane Epoxy Blends with Poly(etherimide).” Polymer 36 (15) (1995): 2883-2894. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(95)94337-S] 20. W. Gan, W. Xiong, Y. Yu, and S. Li. “Effects of the Molecular Weight of Poly(etherimide) on the Viscoelastic Phase Separation of Poly(etherimide)/Epoxy Blends.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 114 (5) (2005): 3158-3167. [https://doi.org/10.1002/app.30897] 21. W. Lee, and J. Jang. “Polyetherimide-Modified High Performance Epoxy Resin.” Polymer Journal 26 (1994): 513-525. [https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.26.513] 22. J. Cho, J. Hwang, K. Cho, J. An, and C. Park. “Effects of Morphology on Toughening of Tetrafunctional Epoxy Resins with Poly (ether imide).” Polymer 34 (23) (1993): 4832-4836. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(93)90005-U] 23. W. Gan, Y. Yu, X. Liu, M. Wang, and S. Li. “Kinetics of Phase Separation at the Early Stage of Spinodal Decomposition in Epoxy Resin Modified with PEI Blends.” Colloid Polym. Sci., 287 (2009): 23-28. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-008-1944-5] 24. W. Gan, Y. Yu, M. Wang, Q. Tao, and S. Li. “Morphology Evolution During the Phase Separation of Polyetherimide/Epoxy Blends.” Macromol. Rapid Commun., 24 (16) (2003): 952-956. [https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200300017]

Conference: CAMX 2022

Publication Date: 2022/10/17

SKU: TP22-0000000039

Pages: 9

Price: $18.00

Get This Paper