Title: Enhancement of the Mechanical Properties And Bonding of Composite Laminates and Assemblies Using Carbon Nano-Coils

Authors: Ramanan Sritharan and Davood Askari

DOI: 10.33599/nasampe/c.22.0137

Abstract: Composite materials are known for their low weight, high damage tolerance, multifunctionality, and excellent mechanical properties that can be tuned based on the application. However, their main disadvantages are their poor interlaminar properties and difficulties to assemble and join them together using adhesive bonds and mechanical fasteners. Generally, the assembly and joining of composite parts require machining and drilling that will cause certain damages to the machined or drilled areas (e.g., fiber breakage, fiber pull-out, resin cracking, and delamination). Due to their exceptional mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, and absorption properties carbon nanotubes nanomaterials can be as additional reinforcements to improve the overall mechanical properties and performance of the composite parts and assemblies. Our previous research has demonstrated that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with Heli-coil geometries are more effective than straight CNTs for the improvement of the overall mechanical properties of polymeric epoxy resin. In this report, Heli-coil CNTs (HCNTs) were used as a nanoscale reinforcement to improve the overall mechanical properties of the laminated composites and assemblies. The presence of HCNTs with a coil-like interlocking mechanism between the fiber filaments, fabric layers, and composite bonded assemblies can provide an interlocking mechanism that is expected to effectively improve the mechanical performance of the laminated composites and assemblies. Composite and HCNTs reinforced nanocomposite panels were fabricated, cut, and prepared for mechanical testing and analysis, as per ASTM standards (i.e., ASTM D790-17, ASTM D2344/2344M-16, ASTM D3039/D3039M-17, and ASTM D5868-01). The test results for flexural strength, short-beam strength, tensile strength, and single-lap shear strength of the composite and nanocomposite test samples with and without Heli-coil CNTs reinforcements were evaluated and compared, and promising results were obtained. This report simply demonstrates that Heli-coil CNTs can be used as an effective reinforcement for the enhancement of the mechanical properties of traditional composite parts and assemblies.

References: [1] R. Vijayan, A. Ghazinezami, S. R. Taklimi, M. Y. Khan, and D. Askari, “The geometrical advantages of helical carbon nanotubes for high-performance multifunctional polymeric nanocomposites,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 156, pp. 28–42, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.08.035. [2] A. C. Garg, “Delamination—a damage mode in composite structures,” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 557–584, Jan. 1988, doi: 10.1016/0013-7944(88)90181-6. [3] A. Knopp, E. Funck, A. Holtz, and G. Scharr, “Delamination and compression-after-impact properties of z-pinned composite laminates reinforced with circumferentially notched z-pins,” Composite Structures, vol. 285, p. 115188, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115188. [4] “The Edge-Hyper-Wiener Index of Zigzag Single-Walled Nanotubes,” Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2030764. [5] I. Palaci, S. Fedrigo, H. Brune, C. Klinke, M. Chen, and E. Riedo, “Radial Elasticity of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 94, no. 17, p. 175502, May 2005, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.175502. [6] M.-F. Yu, T. Kowalewski, and R. S. Ruoff, “Investigation of the Radial Deformability of Individual Carbon Nanotubes under Controlled Indentation Force,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 85, no. 7, pp. 1456–1459, Aug. 2000, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1456. [7] M.-F. Yu, O. Lourie, M. J. Dyer, K. Moloni, T. F. Kelly, and R. S. Ruoff, “Strength and Breaking Mechanism of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Under Tensile Load,” Science, vol. 287, no. 5453, pp. 637–640, Jan. 2000, doi: 10.1126/science.287.5453.637. [8] K. N. Kudin, G. E. Scuseria, and B. I. Yakobson, “C2F, BN, and C nanoshell elasticity from ab initio computations,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 64, no. 23, p. 235406, Nov. 2001, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.235406. [9] D. Askari and M. N. Ghasemi-Nejhad, “Effects of Vacancy Defects on Mechanical Properties of Graphene/Carbon Nanotubes: A Numerical Modeling,” Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 783–794, Apr. 2011, doi: 10.1166/jctn.2011.1753. [10] D. Askari and M. N. Ghasemi-Nejhad, “Generally cylindrical orthotropic constitutive modeling of matrix-filled carbon nanotubes: Transverse mechanical properties and responses,” Jnl of Sandwich Structures & Materials, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 2330–2363, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1177/1099636218795377. [11] A. L. Kalamkarov, D. Askari, V. P. Veedu, and M. N. Ghasemi-Nejhad, “Generally Cylindrical Orthotropic Constitutive Properties Modeling of Matrix-filled Single-walled Nanotubes: Axial Mechanical Properties,” Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 757–779, Mar. 2007, doi: 10.1177/0021998306067018. [12] A. Lekawa-Raus, J. Patmore, L. Kurzepa, J. Bulmer, and K. Koziol, “Electrical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Based Fibers and Their Future Use in Electrical Wiring,” Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 24, no. 24, pp. 3661–3682, 2014, doi: 10.1002/adfm.201303716. [13] A. Kokabi, M. Salehiyoun, and A. Zarini, “Electronic characteristics of SbBi binary nanoflakes,” Computational Condensed Matter, vol. 30, p. e00639, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.cocom.2022.e00639. [14] X. Zhangyang, L. Liu, F. Lu, and J. Tian, “Structural, electrical and optical properties of InxGa1-xN nanowires photocathode,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 593, p. 153394, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153394. [15] Sritharan, Ramanan; Taklimi, Sean Reza; Ghazinezami, Ali; Askari, Davood. 2018. Mechanical properties improvement of polymeric nanocomposites reinforced with chemically treated helical carbon nanotubes: Influence of sonication time and molarities of nitric-sulfuric-hydrochloric acids. 5th Annual Composites and Advanced Materials Expo, CAMX 2018, Paper TP18-0378. [16] R. Sritharan and D. Askari, “Enhancing the short-beam strength of composite laminates using helical carbon nanotubes,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 221, p. 108999, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108999. [17] R. Sritharan and D. Askari, “Effects of Helical Carbon Nanotubes on Mechanical Performance of Laminated Composites and Bonded Joints,” SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility, vol. 2, no. 3, Art. no. 2020-01–0029, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.4271/2020-01-0029. [18] R. Sritharan and D. Askari, “Interlaminar Properties Improvement of Nanocomposites Using Coiled Nanomaterials,” SAE International, Warrendale, PA, SAE Technical Paper 2021-01–0027, Mar. 2021. doi: 10.4271/2021-01-0027. [19] D. Askari, S. R. Taklimi, and A. Ghazinezami, “Helical carbon nanotubes,” US20190382269A1, Dec. 19, 2019. [20] D. Askari, “Nanocomposites with interlocking nanostructures,” US20190308905A1, Oct. 10, 2019. [21] M. N. G. Nejhad, V. P. Veedu, A. Yuen, and D. Askari, “Polymer matrix composites with nano-scale reinforcements,” US7658870B2, Feb. 09, 2010. [22] D. Askari, V. P. Veedu, and M. N. Ghasemi-Nejhad, “A Theoretical Investigation on Chirality Dependence of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Thermal Conductivity,” Nano Communications, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 22–30, Jun. 2014, doi: 10.1166/nano.2014.1009. [23] “Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials.” https://www.astm.org/d0790-17.html. [24] “Standard Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Bonding.” https://www.astm.org/d5868-01r14.html. [25] “Standard Test Method for Short-Beam Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials and Their Laminates.” https://www.astm.org/d2344_d2344m-16.html. [26] “Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials.” https://www.astm.org/d3039_d3039m-17.html. [27] “EPON 815C,” Miller-Stephenson Chemicals. https://miller-stephenson.com/product/epon-815c/. [28] “EPIKURE 3282 | Epikure 3282 Curing Agent | Modified Aliphatic Amine,” Miller-Stephenson Chemicals, Sep. 02, 2016. https://miller-stephenson.com/product/epikure-3282/. [29] “Helical Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes,” Cheap Tubes. https://cheaptubes.com/product-category/helical-multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes/. [30] “3D Surface Profiler | KEYENCE America.” https://www.keyence.com/products/microscope/laser-microscope.

Conference: CAMX 2022

Publication Date: 2022/10/17

SKU: TP22-0000000137

Pages: 20

Price: $40.00