Title: Carbon Fiber Composites Recycling Technology Enabled by the TuFF Technology
Authors: Dirk Heider, Shridhar Yarlagadda, Chris Blackwell, Roger Crane, Mark Davis, Rebecca Emmerich, Joseph Deitzel, Tekin Ozdemir
"DOI: 10.33599/nasampe/s.22.0871
Abstract: Carbon Fiber Composites (CFCs) recycling is in its infancy as an industry in the US with the key challenges being 1) the ability to recover both the fiber and polymer content, and 2) conversion of the recycled material into high-value CFCs. The opportunity is to reduce material cost and lifetime-embodied energy through reclamation of CFCs at the end of product life with improved properties and cost compared to competing technologies. Under a current DOE project recycled fibers from Vartega are converted into high-performance composites at high fiber volume fraction and good composite property retention. The paper describes the processing steps, summarizes the key properties for recycling and demonstrates composite mechanical properties. A CFC strength of 184 ksi has been achieved exceeding any previous reported tensile strength with recycled short fibers by a factor of 3x. In addition, modulus retention in the composite is near 100% with a low coefficient of variation which would allow use in stiffness critical applications with the current recycling process. The approach presents a compelling pathway to save energy and cost allowing recycling and not down-cycling of high-performance composite material for the first time.
References: 1. Naqvi, S., Prabhakara, H., Bramer, E., Dierkes, W., Akkerman, R. & Brem, G. “A critical review on recycling of end-of-life carbon fibre/glass fibre reinforced composites waste using pyrolysis towards a circular economy”. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 136(2018):118–29. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.04.013 2. Statista, Carbonfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe: Nachfrage weltweit bis 2023, Statista. 31 Aug 2021. <https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/660055/umfrage/nachfrage-von-carbonfaserverstaerkten-kunststoffen-weltweit/>. 3. JEC Group. JEC Observer: Current trends in the global composites industry 2020-2025. Paris, 2021. 4. Lengsfeld, H., Mainka, H. & Altstädt, V. Carbon fibers: Production, applications, processing. Munich, Cincinnati: Hanser, 2021, DOI: 10.3139/9781569908297 5. Krauklis, A., Karl, C., Gagani, A. & Jørgensen, J., “Composite Material Recycling Technology - State-of-the-Art and Sustainable Development for the 2020s.” J. Compos. Sci. 5(1)(2021):28. DOI: 10.3390/jcs5010028 6. Yarlagadda, S., Deitzel, J., Heider, D., Tierney & J., Gillespie, Jr. J., “Tailorable Universal Feedstock for Forming (TUFF): Overview and Performance”, SAMPE Conference Proceedings. Charlotte, NC, May 20-23, 2019. DOI: 10.33599/nasampe/s.19.1607 7. Pimenta, S. & Pinho, S. “Recycling carbon fibre reinforced polymers for structural applications: technology review and market outlook.” Waste management 13(2)(2011):378–92. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.09.019 8. Longana, M., Ong, N., Yu, H. & Potter, K. “Multiple closed loop recycling of carbon fibre composites with the HiPerDiF (High Performance Discontinuous Fibre) method.” Composite Structures 153(2016)271–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.06.018 9. Oliveux, G., Dandy, L. & Leeke, G.A. “Current status of recycling of fibre reinforced polymers: Review of technologies, reuse and resulting properties.” Progress in Materials Science 72(2015):61–99., DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.01.004 10. Oliveux, G., Bailleul, J.L., Gillet, A., Mantaux, O. & Leeke, G.A. “Recovery and reuse of discontinuous carbon fibres by solvolysis: Realignment and properties of remanufactured materials.” Composites Science and Technology 139(2017):99–108. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.11.001 11. Toray Composite Materials America, Inc.. T800H Carbon Fiber - Toray Composite Materials America, Inc.. 01 Nov 2021. <https://www.toraycma.com/products/carbon-fiber/>. 12. Liu, W., Huang, H., Cheng, H. & Liu, Z. “CFRP Reclamation and Remanufacturing Based on a Closed-loop Recycling Process for Carbon Fibers Using Supercritical N-butanol.” Fibers and Polymers 21(2020):604–18. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-020-9575-7 13. Bel Haj Frej, H., Léger, R., Perrin, D., Ienny, P., Gérard, P. & Devaux, J-F. “Recovery and reuse of carbon fibre and acrylic resin from thermoplastic composites used in marine application.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 173 (2021): 105705. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105705
Conference: SAMPE 2022
Publication Date: 2022/05/23
SKU: TP22-0000000871
Pages: 9
Price: $18.00
Get This Paper