Title: CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELLING OF THE REACTION PROGRESS OF A FAST-CURING POLYURETHANE SYSTEM

Authors: Philipp Surray, Dominik Foerges, Kai Fischer, Christian Hopmann

DOI: 10.33599/nasampe/s.23.0042

Abstract: For the development and simulation of production processes of composite or plastic components using reactive resins, such as polyurethane or epoxy, the availability of cure data is decisive. A broad variety of methods is used for the characterization of the curing process, of which differential scanning calorimetry is one of the most discussed methods in literature. The characterization of fast-curing resins, which cure without inhibition time, below ambient temperatures and in less than two minutes often results in incomplete data. To overcome these drawbacks the authors have developed a differential scanning calorimetry with a direct injection mechanism allowing the start of the measurement less than 10 seconds after mixing the resins. Using this measuring cell, the complete characterization of the reaction progress for a fast-curing polyurethane system with a gel time of 8 s to 10 s at 80 °C is possible for non-isothermal as well as isothermal conditions. Cure models calibrated with the gathered data show good prediction quality. The results close a gap in current measurement systems for cure analysis and are the basis for improving simulation and analysis of short-cycle manufacturing processes.

References: [1] Austin, A. & Hicks, D.A. “A Review of the Global PU Industry 2016 and Outlook for 2017”. PU Magazine International 14 (2) (2017): 1-15. [2] Lövenich, C., Aalbers, R., Brassat, L., Chrisochoou, A., Ehbing, H. & Hättig, J. “Polyurethane (PUR).” Kunststoffe 107 (10) (2017): 98-105 [3] Austin, Angela. „Der europäische Weichschaummarkt 2018.“ PU Magazin 20 (1) (2020): 28-32 [4] Boehm, Manuel. Reaction Kinetics and Cure Monitoring of Highly Reactive Epoxy Resins for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics. München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015, DOI: 10.5282/edoc.24113 [5] Bernath, A., Kärger, L. & Henning, F. “Accurate Cure Modeling for Isothermal Processing of Fast Curing Epoxy Resins.” Polymers 390 (8) (2016): 1-19, DOI:10.3390/polym8110390 [6] Zhang, S. J., Yuan, N. & Ruan, F. “3D Numerical Simulation of the Filling and Curing Stages in Epoxy Casting Process.” International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering, Wuhan, China, 25-27 June 2010. IEEE: 2584–2587, DOI: 10.1109/iCECE.2010.634 [7] Stanko, M. & Stommel, M. “Kinetic Prediction of Fast Curing Polyurethane Resins by Model-Free Isoconversional Methods.” Polymers 698 (10) (2018): 1-15, DOI: 10.3390/polym10070698 [8] Vyazovkin, Sergey. Isoconversional Kinetics of thermally Stimulated Processes. Cham, Schweiz: Springer, 2015, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14175-6 [9] Kujirai, T. & Akakira, T. “Effect of temperature on the deterioration of fibrous insulating materials.” Sci. Papers Inst. Phys. Chem. Res., Tokyo, 1925 [10] Young, David Anderson. Decomposition of solides. Oxford, New York: Pergamon Press, 1966 [11] Vyazovkin, S., Dranca, I., & Advincula, R. “Kinetis of the thermal and thermos-oxidative degradation of a polystyrene-clay nanocomposite.” Macromol. Rapid Commun. 25 (2004): 498-503, DOI:10.1002/marc.200300214 [12] Friedman, Henry L. “Kinetics of thermal degradation of char-forming plastics from thermogravimetry. Application to a phenolic plastic.” J. polym. Ci., C Polym. Symp. 06 (1964): 183-195, DOI:10.1002/polc.5070060121 [13] Akahira, T. & Sunose, T. “Method of determining activation deterioration constant of electrical insulating materials.” Res. Report Chiba Inst. Technol. (Sci. Technol.) 16 (1971): 22-31 [14] Bernath, Alexander. Numerical prediction of curing and process-induced distortion of composite structures. Karlsruhe: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2019, DOI: 10.5445/IR/1000105945 [15] Montserrat, S. & Malek, J. “A kinetic analysis of the curing reaction of an epoxy resin.” Thermochimica Acta, 228 (1993): 47-60, DOI: 10.1016/0040-6031(93)80273-D [16] Pushpak, K. & Chandy, A.J. “Numerical investigation of the pouring mechanism in the filling of epoxy resin in pressure casting processes.” Eng. Res. Express 3 (1) (2021): 1-16, DOI: 10.1088/2631-8695/abed1f

Conference: SAMPE 2023

Publication Date: 2023/04/17

SKU: TP23-0000000042

Pages: 14

Price: $28.00