Search

DIGITAL LIBRARY: SAMPE 2023 | SEATTLE, WA | APRIL 17-20

Get This Paper

ENABLING RECYCLING OF COMPOSITES: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF MULTIPLE THERMAL PROCESSING CYCLES

Description

Title: ENABLING RECYCLING OF COMPOSITES: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF MULTIPLE THERMAL PROCESSING CYCLES

Authors: Roo Walker, Daniel Webb, Matthew Korey, Samarthya Bhagia, Nathan Black, Ally Collier, Soydan Ozcan, Vlastimil Kunc, Chad Duty

DOI: 10.33599/nasampe/s.23.0099

Abstract: When considering the utilization of recycled short carbon fiber feedstock materials for advanced manufacturing, understanding the material degradation behavior is essential in determining how many times a composite material can be effectively reprocessed and remanufactured. This study characterizes the degradation behavior of short carbon fiber acrylonitrile butadiene (CF-ABS) that has been reprocessed five times with twin screw extrusion. Parallel plate rheology was completed to observe the degradation in complex viscosity of the recycled feedstock materials. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was utilized to characterize the changes in molecular weight distribution of the recycled materials as a result of thermal and mechanical degradation during the re-processing steps. Rheological characterization, GPC, and twin-screw processing data help inform the process optimizations required to process the recycled feedstock material. Successful characterization of the degradation behavior of short fiber composite feedstock materials aids in increased understanding of the lifespan of high value carbon fiber composite materials and aids in process optimization of recycled composite materials.

References: [1] J. Zhang, V. S. Chevali, H. Wang, and C.-H. Wang, “Current status of carbon fibre and carbon fibre composites recycling,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 193, p. 108053, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108053. [2] X. Li, R. Bai, and J. McKechnie, “Environmental and financial performance of mechanical recycling of carbon fibre reinforced polymers and comparison with conventional disposal routes,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 127, pp. 451–460, Jul. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.139. [3] A. Boldizar and K. Möller, “Degradation of ABS during repeated processing and accelerated ageing,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 359–366, Jan. 2003, doi: 10.1016/S0141-3910(03)00107-1. [4] Y. Yang, R. Boom, B. Irion, D.-J. van Heerden, P. Kuiper, and H. de Wit, “Recycling of composite materials,” Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, vol. 51, pp. 53–68, Jan. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.cep.2011.09.007. [5] R. Scaffaro, L. Botta, and G. Di Benedetto, “Physical properties of virgin-recycled ABS blends: Effect of post-consumer content and of reprocessing cycles,” European Polymer Journal, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 637–648, Mar. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.12.018. [6] A. K. Cress, J. Huynh, E. H. Anderson, R. O’neill, Y. Schneider, and Ö. Keleş, “Effect of recycling on the mechanical behavior and structure of additively manufactured acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS),” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 279, p. 123689, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123689. [7] R. Walker, T. Smith, J. Lindahl, C. Hershey, and C. E. Duty, “Recycling Carbon Fiber Filled Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene for Large Scale Additive Manufacturing,” presented at the Solid Free Form Fabrication Symposium, Aug. 03, 2021. [8] B. E. Tiganis, L. S. Burn, P. Davis, and A. J. Hill, “Thermal degradation of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) blends,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 425–434, 2002, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(02)00045-9. [9] M. Keshtkar, M. C. Heuzey, and P. J. Carreau, “Rheological behavior of fiber-filled model suspensions: Effect of fiber flexibility,” Journal of Rheology, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 631–650, May 2009, doi: 10.1122/1.3103546. [10] K. Shon and J. L. White, “A comparative study of fiber breakage in compounding glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastics in a buss kneader, modular Co-rotating and counter-rotating twin screw extruders,” Polymer Engineering & Science, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 1757–1768, 1999, doi: 10.1002/pen.11570. [11] K. Ramani, D. Bank, and N. Kraemer, “Effect of screw design on fiber damage in extrusion compounding and composite properties,” Polymer Composites, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 258–266, 1995, doi: 10.1002/pc.750160310. [12] E.-K. Karahaliou and P. A. Tarantili, “Stability of ABS compounds subjected to repeated cycles of extrusion processing,” Polym Eng Sci, vol. 49, no. 11, pp. 2269–2275, Nov. 2009, doi: 10.1002/pen.21480. [13] C. Ajinjeru et al., “Rheological survey of carbon fiber-reinforced high-temperature thermoplastics for big area additive manufacturing tooling applications,” Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, p. 089270571987394, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1177/0892705719873941. [14] C. Duty, “A viscoelastic model for extrusion-based 3D printing of polymers what makes a material printable?,” J. Manuf. Process., Vol. Submitted, No., vol. 2017, pp. 526–537, 2017. [15] R. Walker, C. Helton, V. Kunc, and C. E. Duty, “Rheological Evaluation of Printability for Recycled Carbon Fiber Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene,” in SAMPE Conference Proceedings, Charlotte, NC, May 2022, pp. 815–824. [16] X. Bai, D. h. Isaac, and K. Smith, “Reprocessing acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene plastics: Structure–property relationships,” Polymer Engineering & Science, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 120–130, 2007, doi: 10.1002/pen.20681. [17] R. Kotsilkova, “DYNAMIC RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASS FIBER SUSPENSIONS,” in Theoretical and Applied Rheology, P. Moldenaers and R. Keunings, Eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992, pp. 856–858. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-89007-8.50385-3.

Conference: SAMPE 2023

Publication Date: 2023/04/17

SKU: TP23-0000000099

Pages: 10

Price: $20.00

Get This Paper