Title: Development of Cure Kinetics Model, Viscosity Model and Fiber Bed Compaction Curve for Cycom® Ep2750

Authors: Salma El Euch, Yining Jiang, Kevin Dupuis, Boris Gourichon, François LeBel

DOI: 10.33599/nasampe/s.24.0187

Abstract: The aim of this work is to bring new insights into the rheological, thermal-chemical, and compaction properties of the 2 x 2 twill weave CYCOM® EP2750 by Syensqo, to optimize the manufacturing of the composite parts using Syensqo’s Double Diaphragm Forming (DDF) process. The cure kinetics of fresh and room temperature aged material was studied using differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The rheological behavior of fresh and aged material was also characterized using oscillatory rheometer with parallel plates. The compaction behavior of the fresh prepreg was studied using a stress relaxation method with a benchmark developed in-house. The cure kinetics of fresh and aged prepreg were described by iso-conversional model. The dependency between the glass transition temperature and its degree of cure was described using DiBenedetto model. A chemo-rheological model, based on Williams-Landel-Ferry model, was adopted to describe the viscosity as a function of temperature and degree of cure. The fiber bed compaction curve of the prepreg was obtained, and it can be adequately described by Gutowski’s model. Good agreement was obtained for both cure and viscosity models between the predicted and experimental results, using a typical curing cycle.

References: 1. Travis, A., Aurele, B., Gail, H., Sam, H., Alejandro, R., Scott, R., & Adam, W. (2021). Low-Cost High-Rate Aerospace Structural Parts: Application Study. SAMPE neXus 2021. SAMPE neXus 2021. https://doi.org/10.33599/nasampe/s.21.0551 2. Bras, A., Rodriguez, A. J., Russell, R., Luchini, T. J., Adams, T., Whysall, A., Rogers, S. A., Lucas, S., & Hahn, G. L. (2020, June 1). Challenges of Aerospace Structural Part Geometries for High-Rate Compression Molding. SAMPE 2020 | Virtual Series. https://doi.org/10.33599/nasampe/s.20.0349 3. Sloan, J. (2020, February 24). Solvay launches epoxy prepreg for aerostructures compression molding. Composites World. https://www.compositesworld.com/products/solvay-launches-epoxy-prepreg-for-aerostructures-compression-molding 4. Williams, M. L., Landel, R. F., & Ferry, J. D. (1955). The Temperature Dependence of Relaxation Mechanisms in Amorphous Polymers and Other Glass-forming Liquids. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 77(14), 3701–3707. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01619a008 5. Hubert, P. (1996). Aspects of flow and compaction of laminated composite shapes during cure [University of British Columbia]. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0078499 6. Gutowski, T. G., Cai, Z., Kingery, J., & Wineman, S. J. (1986). Resin flow/fiber deformation experiments. SAMPE Q.; (United States), 17:4. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5244424 7. Hubert, P., & Poursartip, A. (1998). A Review of Flow and Compaction Modelling Relevant to Thermoset Matrix Laminate Processing. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 17(4), 286–318. https://doi.org/10.1177/073168449801700402 8. Gutowski, T. G., Morigaki, T., & Cai, Z. (1987). The Consolidation of Laminate Composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 21(2), 172–188. 9. Hubert, P., & Poursartip, A. (2001). A method for the direct measurement of the fibre bed compaction curve of composite prepregs. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 32(2), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(00)00143-3 10. Cole, K. C., Noël, D., Hechler, J. ‐J., Cielo, P., Krapez, J. ‐C., Chouliotis, A., & Overbury, K. C. (1991). Room‐temperature aging of Narmco 5208 carbon‐epoxy prepreg. Part II: Physical, mechanical, and nondestructive characterization. Polymer Composites, 12(3), 203–212. 11. Ji, K., Wei, C., deng, H.-W., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Mao, R., & Wang, X. (2002). Evaluation of Glass Fibre/Epoxy Prepreg Quality during Storage. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 10, 599–606. https://doi.org/10.1177/096739110201000803 12. Ahn, K. J., Peterson, L., Seferis, J. C., Nowacki, D., & Zachmann, H. G. (1992). Prepreg aging in relation to tack. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 45(3), 399–406. 13. Stanko, M., & Stommel, M. (2018). Kinetic Prediction of Fast Curing Polyurethane Resins by Model-Free Isoconversional Methods. Polymers, 10(7), Article 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10070698 14. Vyazovkin, S., & Wight, C. A. (1999). Model-free and model-fitting approaches to kinetic analysis of isothermal and nonisothermal data. Thermochimica Acta, 340–341, 53–68. 15. Vyazovkin, S. (2015). Isoconversional Kinetics of Thermally Stimulated Processes. In Isoconversional Kinetics of Thermally Stimulated Processes. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14175-6 16. Vyazovkin, S., Burnham, A. K., Criado, J. M., Pérez-Maqueda, L. A., Popescu, C., & Sbirrazzuoli, N. (2011). ICTAC Kinetics Committee recommendations for performing kinetic computations on thermal analysis data. Thermochimica Acta, 520(1), 1–19. 17. Rabby, M. M., Das, P. P., Rahman, M., Vadlamudi, V., & Raihan, R. (2022). Prepreg age monitoring and qualitative prediction of mechanical performance of composite using dielectric state variables. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 30, 09673911221145053. https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911221145053 18. Pascault, J. P., & Williams, R. J. J. (1990). Glass transition temperature versus conversion relationships for thermosetting polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 28(1), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.1990.090280107 19. DiBenedetto, A. T. (1987). Prediction of the glass transition temperature of polymers: A model based on the principle of corresponding states. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 25(9), 1949–1969. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.1987.090250914 20. Hubert, P., Johnston, A., Poursartip, A., & Nelson, K. (2001). Cure kinetics and viscosity models for Hexcel 8552 epoxy resin. Int SAMPE Symp Exhibit, 46, 2341–2354.

Conference: SAMPE 2024

Publication Date: 2024/05/20

SKU: TP24-0000000187

Pages: 15

Price: $30.00