Search

DIGITAL LIBRARY: SAMPE 2024 | LONG BEACH, CA | MAY 20-23

Get This Paper

Prediction of Process-Induced Deformations of Semi-Crystalline Thermoplastic Composites

Description

Title: Prediction of Process-Induced Deformations of Semi-Crystalline Thermoplastic Composites

Authors: Kamyar Gordnian, Alberto Mussali, Alireza Forghani, Alastair McKee, Malcom Lane, DeWayne Howell, Goran Fernlund and Anoush Poursartip

DOI: 10.33599/nasampe/s.24.0249

Abstract: "Thermoplastic composites are gaining attention in aerospace, automotive, and energy sectors due to their advantages, including potential for rapid manufacturing, automation, adoption of conventional metal processing techniques, repairability, recyclability, and higher shelf life. Utilization of thermoplastic composites has potential challenges such as higher processing temperatures, higher matrix viscosity, and the possibility for process-induced defects such as non-uniform heating and cooling, lack of consolidation, residual stresses, delamination, and wrinkles. Process simulation has emerged as a crucial tool for understanding the effect of process parameters on the final product state, thereby minimizing manufacturing risks and costs. The precision and effectiveness of process simulation relies on material models that accurately represent the evolution of material state during processing. These material models are mathematical representations of various phenomena of interest. This paper presents an overview of characterization of Toray Cetex® TC1225 T1100G thermoplastic composite for process simulation. The characterization includes crystallization and melt kinetics and modulus development and relaxation. The study employs the COMPRO and RAVEN process simulation platforms from Convergent to predict melt and crystallization and modulus development. The model predictions are compared with experimental measurements, offering valuable insights into optimizing thermoplastic composite manufacturing processes."

References: 1.Loos AC, Springer GS. Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites. Journal of Composite Materials. 1983 Mar;17(2):135–69. 2.Mantell SC, Springer GS. Manufacturing Process Models for Thermoplastic Composites. Journal of Composite Materials. 1992;26(16):2348–77. 3.Lee WI, Springer GS. A Model of the Manufacturing Process of Thermoplastic Matrix Composites. Journal of Composite Materials. 1987 Nov 1;21(11):1017–55. 4.Avrami M. Kinetics of phase change. I General theory. The Journal of chemical physics. 1939;7(12):1103–12. 5.Avrami M. Kinetics of phase change. II transformation-time relations for random distribution of nuclei. The Journal of chemical physics. 1940;8(2):212–24. 6.Avrami M. Kinetics of phase change. III, granulation, phase change and microstructure. J Chem Phy. 1941;9:177–84. 7.Evans UR. The laws of expanding circles and spheres in relation to the lateral growth of surface films and the grain-size of metals. Transactions of the Faraday Society. 1945;41:365–74. 8.Patel RM, Spruiell JE. Crystallization kinetics during polymer processing—Analysis of available approaches for process modeling. Polymer Engineering & Sci. 1991 May;31(10):730–8. 9.Ozawa T. Kinetics of non-isothermal crystallization. Polymer. 1971;12(3):150–8. 10.Vyazovkin S, Wight CA. Model-free and model-fitting approaches to kinetic analysis of isothermal and nonisothermal data. Thermochimica acta. 1999;340:53–68. 11.Weeks JJ. Melting temperature and change of lamellar thickness with time for bulk polyethylene. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Section A, Physics and Chemistry. 1963;67(5):441. 12.Jaffe M, Wunderlich B. Melting of polyoxymethylene. Kolloid-Z.uZPolymere. 1967 Mar;216–217(1):203–16. 13.Cebe P, Hong SD. Crystallization behaviour of poly (ether-ether-ketone). Polymer. 1986;27(8):1183–92. 14.Cheng SZD, Cao MY, Wunderlich B. Glass transition and melting behavior of poly(oxy-1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylene) (PEEK). Macromolecules. 1986 Jul;19(7):1868–76. 15.Maffezzoli AM, Kenny JM, Nicolais L. Welding of PEEK/carbon fiber composite laminates. SAMPe Journal. 1989;25(1):35–40. 16.Ageorges C, Ye L, Mai YW, Hou M. Characteristics of resistance welding of lap-shear coupons. Part III. Crystallinity. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 1998;29(8):921–32. 17.Nicodeau C. Continuous welding modeling of thermoplastic matrix composites [Internet] [PhD Thesis]. Arts et Métiers ParisTech; 2005 [cited 2024 Jan 15]. Available from: https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001506/ 18.Tierney JJ, Gillespie Jr JW. Crystallization kinetics behavior of PEEK based composites exposed to high heating and cooling rates. Composites Part A: Applied science and manufacturing. 2004;35(5):547–58. 19.Gordnian K. Crystallization and thermo-viscoelastic modelling of polymer composites [PhD Thesis]. University of British Columbia; 2017. 20.Gordnian K, Vaziri R, Poursartip A. Crystallization and Melt Kinetics for Process Modelling of PEEK Matrix Composite - SAMPE. In 2017 [cited 2021 Feb 24]. Available from: https://www.nasampe.org/store/viewproduct.aspx?ID=9281148 21.Johnston A, Vaziri R, Poursartip A. A Plane Strain Model for Process-Induced Deformation of Laminated Composite Structures. Journal of Composite Materials. 2001 Aug;35(16):1435–69. 22.Fernlund G, Osooly A, Poursartip A, Vaziri R, Courdji R, Nelson K, et al. Finite element based prediction of process-induced deformation of autoclaved composite structures using 2D process analysis and 3D structural analysis. Composite Structures. 2003;62(2):223–34. 23.Kim YK, White SR. VISCOELASTIC ANALYSIS OF PROCESSING-INDUCED RESIDUAL STRESSES IN THICK COMPOSITE LAMINATES. Mech of Adv Mat & Structures. 1997 Oct 1;4(4):361–87. 24.Zobeiry N, Vaziri R, Poursartip A. Differential implementation of the viscoelastic response of a curing thermoset matrix for composites processing. 2006 [cited 2024 Jan 15]; Available from: https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/materialstechnology/article-abstract/128/1/90/470192?casa_token=O2Uu_05-9kQAAAAA:mo5GxohPo5xqqJ2eOD8tiXQB4N8HcXbol4GXya9vYwdeeQ2OloSylN1Zqm7-szX6kSEZbWrX 25.Harper BD, Weitsman Y. Characterization method for a class of thermorheologically complex materials. Journal of Rheology. 1985;29(1):49–66. 26.Gordnian K, Forghani A, Ylakovicius A, Brockman R, Volk B, Braginsky M, et al. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMOVISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF CFRP DURING CURE. In 2018 [cited 2021 Feb 24]. Available from: https://www.nasampe.org/store/viewproduct.aspx?ID=9281148 27.Gordnian K, Forghani A, Brockman R, Poursartip A. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Effects of Cure Cycle on Process-induced-distortions of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composites. In: SAMPE 2019 - Charlotte, NC [Internet]. SAMPE; 2019 [cited 2021 Feb 24]. Available from: https://sampe.knack.com/technical-papers#home/technicalpaperdetails/5cb7822871efac0cb6e459f0/ 28.Gordnian K, Poursartip A. A Rate-Type Crystallization Kinetics Model for Process Modelling of Carbon Fibre PEEK Matrix Composites. In: 20th International Conference on Composite Materials. 2015. 29.CCA Material Constitutive Model Documentation, Release 1.11.0. Convergent Manufacturing Technologies; 2024. 30.Bogetti TA, Gillespie JW. Process-Induced Stress and Deformation in Thick-Section Thermoset Composite Laminates. Journal of Composite Materials. 1992 Mar;26(5):626–60. 31.Toray Cetex® TC1225 LMPAEK Product Data Sheet. TORAY Advanced Composites; 2023.

Conference: SAMPE 2024

Publication Date: 2024/05/20

SKU: TP24-0000000249

Pages: 26

Price: $52.00

Get This Paper