Title: Influence of Surface Sealing and Release Agent on Surface Characteristics of Additively Manufactured Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite Tools

Authors: Juan Pablo Melgar Feregrino, Rishabh Pammi, Lea Quiroa, Garam Kim, Eduardo Barocio vaca

DOI: 10.33599/nasampe/s.25.0207

Abstract: Fiber-reinforced composite additive manufacturing is a promising technology for producing composite tooling due to its ability to facilitate rapid tool fabrication, design flexibility, and reductions in material waste and labor. However, the Surface finish quality of the additively manufactured tool surfaces post-machining remains a concern. The heterogeneous nature of fiber reinforcement and polymer matrix, which are intermixed on the surface, may negatively impact surface finish quality, potentially affecting surface roughness, friction, and the required demolding force. Typical practices involve applying surface treatment agents, to improve surface finish quality. However, there is limited quantitative data about specific effects of each agent. In this study, the influence of surface treatment agents; primers, sealers, and release, on the surface characteristics of composite tools was investigated. Test specimens were additively manufactured using polyethersulfone (PESU) reinforced with 25 % carbon fiber by wt%. Surface properties required for tooling applications—such as hardness, wear resistance, surface roughness, and friction—were evaluated before and after the application of surface treatment agents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analysis further confirmed that the treated surfaces exhibited improved morphology and purity, supporting the suitability of these surface agents for composite tooling applications

References: [1] [2] [3] [4] P. C. Thapliyal and K. Singh, “Aerogels as Promising Thermal Insulating Materials: An Overview,” J Mater, vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 127049, Jan. 2014, doi: 10.1155/2014/127049. C. Soutis and D. Turkmen, “Moisture and Temperature Effects of the Compressive Failure of CFRP Unidirectional Laminates,” http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199839703100805, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 832–849, Apr. 1997, doi: 10.1177/002199839703100805. K. Wang, B. Young, and S. T. Smith, “Mechanical properties of pultruded carbon fibrereinforced polymer (CFRP) plates at elevated temperatures,” Eng Struct, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 2154–2161, Jul. 2011, doi: 10.1016/J.ENGSTRUCT.2011.03.006. M. Jarrah, E. P. Najafabadi, M. H. Khaneghahi, and A. V. Oskouei, “The effect of elevated temperatures on the tensile performance of GFRP and CFRP sheets,” Constr Build Mater, vol. 190, pp. 38–52, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2018.09.086. 13 [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] “ASTM A967/A967M-17.” Accessed: Jan. 12, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://store.accuristech.com/standards/astm-a967-a967m-17?product_id=1986829 A. Tiwary, R. Kumar, and J. S. Chohan, “A review on characteristics of composite and advanced materials used for aerospace applications,” Mater Today Proc, vol. 51, pp. 865870, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.MATPR.2021.06.276. F. Piscitelli, R. De Palo, and A. Volpe, “Enhancing Coating Adhesion on FibreReinforced Composite by Femtosecond Laser Texturing,” Coatings 2023, Vol. 13, Page 928, vol. 13, no. 5, p. 928, May 2023, doi: 10.3390/COATINGS13050928. N. I. Baklanova, T. M. Zima, A. T. Titov, N. V. Isaeva, D. V. Grashchenkov, and S. S. Solntsev, “Protective coatings for carbon fibers,” Inorganic Materials, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 744–749, Jul. 2006, doi: 10.1134/S0020168506070107/METRICS. R. Asmatulu, K. S. Erukala, M. Shinde, I. M. Alarifi, and M. Rahimi Gorji, “Investigating the effects of surface treatments on adhesion properties of protective coatings on carbon fiber-reinforced composite laminates,” Surf Coat Technol, vol. 380, p. 125006, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1016/J.SURFCOAT.2019.125006. [10] “Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology | ScienceDirect.” Accessed: Jan. 12, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/referencework/9780080431529/encyclopedia-of-materialsscience-and-technology#book-info [11] “US11945929B2 - Macroporous-structured polymer aerogels - Google Patents.” Accessed: Feb. 18, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://patents.google.com/patent/US11945929B2/en [12] R. Jin et al., “Aerogels for Thermal Protection and Their Application in Aerospace,” Gels 2023, Vol. 9, Page 606, vol. 9, no. 8, p. 606, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.3390/GELS9080606. [13] “Find amazing products in Carbon Fiber Fabric Plate’ today | Rock West Composites.” Accessed: Dec. 08, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.rockwestcomposites.com/carbon-fiber-fabric-plate [14] “COMSOL - Software for Multiphysics Simulation.” Accessed: Dec. 08, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.comsol.com/ [15] “AeroZero® Products - Blueshift.” Accessed: Dec. 08, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.blueshiftmaterials.com/az/ [16] “High Temp Puck Heater.” Accessed: Dec. 08, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://belilove.com/article_310_Hi-Temperature-PuckHeater.cfm?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiAx9q6BhCDARIsACwUxu7m23VOlXaLgn_-B2nv0PfD9IR9IgbP_v_K4ZBGEgh7JUn6hx0_ErgaAgIPEALw_wcB [17] “Tempco Self Powered Control Console TPC10063 - Thermal Devices - Thermal Devices.” Accessed: Dec. 08, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.thermaldevices.com/product/tempco-self-powered-control-consoletpc10063/?srsltid=AfmBOopJE8jGDH3t9P64tjz1bt1WILqTziThRU6wmjQlDt1x041I7c4 A [18] “We sell ceramic fiber insulated high temperature K-type thermocouples PK-1000 in 5 ft length.” Accessed: Dec. 08, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.meter-depot.com/5-ftk-type-thermocouple-wire-digital-thermometer-high-temperature-kiln-oven-pk-1000/ [19] “EXTECH EA15 EasyViewTM Dual Input Temperature Datalogger.” Accessed: Dec. 08, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.extechonline.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=209

Conference: SAMPE 2025

Publication Date: 2025/05/19

SKU: TP25-0000000207

Pages: 15

Price: $30.00